ABSTRACT
Objective: Acetaminophen [APAP] overdose causes acute liver injuries. Studies show that stem cell factor [SCF] and its receptor, c-Kit, enhance liver recovery from APAPinduced injuries in mice. In this study we explore the effect of SCF on activity of glutathione S-transferase [GSTs] enzymes which are considered to be important in APAP metabolism
Methods: We divided 45 Balb/c mice into three groups. Within each group there were three sub-groups of five mice per subgroup. The groups included: 1. APAP [300 mg/kg B.W., i.p.]; 2. SCF [40 microg/kg B.W., i.p.] given.30 minutes after APAP [300 mg/kg B.W., i.p.], and 3.control mice treated with normal saline. The mice were sacrificed at 1, 12 and 24 hours, respectively. Hepatotoxicity was evaluated in the 24 hour group by histopathology and assessment of biochemical serum markers [ALT and AST]. We assessed the levels of SCF receptor [c-Kit] protein and GST enzyme activities in the liver tissues
Results: Hepatotoxicity was induced by APAP [300 mg/kg, B.W] as evident by both histopathological observations and a significant [p<0.05] increase in serum ALT and AST levels, which were reversed by SCF administered post-APAP. SCF administration after APAP administration significantly increased GSTs enzyme activity levels by 24 hours, however it led to a significant decrease in c-Kit protein level compared to the control and APAP groups
Conclusion: Our data suggest that SCF binding to its receptor [c-Kit] on liver cells may attenuate APAP-induced liver injuries by increasing GST activities in the livers of mice
ABSTRACT
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor [MT] or inflammatory pseudotumor is a tumoral lesion which can be seen in all age groups and in all internal organs. It is in differential diagnosis with some important neoplasms such as Leiomyosarcoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma, and Sarcomatoid carcinoma. Differentiation between these tumors requires as special diagnostic tool such as Immunohistochemistry [IHC]. This study aimed to identify Immunohistochemical characteristics of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors. 19 cases included in this cross-sectional study. All cases with diagnosis of: "Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor" or " Inflammatory pseudotumor" at pathobiology laboratories of Kermanshah university, Tehran Imam Khomaini Hospital and Institute of Cancer were selected and studied by using IHC stains for CK, EMA, SMA, MSA, Desmin, P53, ALK and Vimentin. Mean age of cases was 40.4 year. 52.6% were male and 47.4% female. Most frequent affected organs were; Stomach [4 cases], Urinary bladder [3 cases], Small Intestine [3 cases], Lung and Mediastinum [3 cases], Omentum [2 cases], Retroperitoneum [1 case], Cervix [1case], Urethral [1 case] and gluteus Maximus Muscle [1 case]. Vimentin [94.7%], MSA [57.9%] and SMA [47.4%] were the most frequent expressed IHC biomarkers in diagnosed tumors respectively. CK is a reliable marker for differentiation between these lesions and Sarcomatoid carcinoma. For differentiation from Leiomyosarcoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma and Postoperative Spindle Cell nodule, using Desmin is a useful biomarker. It is recommended that "IMT" be used for those lesions that express ALK and/or those that cytogenetic studies reveal a fusion of introducing genes. Other lesions should be classified and reported as "Inflammatory Pseudotumor"